Tugas Bahasa Inggris (Softskill)

PART 3

REPORTED SPEECH (DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH)

A.  Direct Speech (kalimat langsung)

Di gunakan untuk menyampaikan kata-kata atau ucapan seseorang dalam bentuk tulisan, baik berupa pernyataan, pertanyaan, perintah, atau seruan dengan cara menempatkannya dalam tanda baca kutip.

B.   Indirect Speech (kalimat tidak langsung)

Di gunakan dalam percakapan untuk menyampaikan apa yang kita dengar atau yang di katakana seseorang kepada orang lain atau pihak ke tiga dengan tidak mengulangi persis apa yang di katakannya.

Catatan :

Ø Untuk mengubah kalimat langsung (direct speech) ke dalam kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech) yang perlu di perhatikan adalah reporting verb-nya.

Ø Reporting verb yang sering di gunakan adalah: say, tell, ask atau inform. Jika reporting verb-nya dalam simple present tense, maka reported speech(kalimat yang terdapat dalam tanda kutip) tidak mengalami perubahan tenses.

Ø Yang mengalami perubahan antara lain kata ganti (pronoun). Dalam contoh nomor 1 dan 2, my berubah jadi her, dan dalam contog nomor 3, I berubah jadi she.

Ø Tahat dalam kalimat tidak langsung bersifat optional, jadi boleh digunakan boleh tidak.

Perubahan pronoun dari kalimat langsung (direct speech) ke dalam kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech) adalah sbb:

Direct	Indirect
I	She, He
You	I, We
My	Her, His
We	They
Our	Their
They	They
Their	Their

Selain perubahan-perubahan pronoun di atas, keterangan waktu juga akan mengalami perubahan sbb:

Direct	Indirect
Today	That day
Yesterday	The day before
Tomorrow	The next day
Next week	The following week
Last week	The previsous week
Now	then

Example to statement:

ü Simple Present

Direct: Janet said, “I buy this dictionary at a bookshop.”

Indirect: Janet told me(that) she bought this/that dictionary at abookshop.

ü Present continuous

Direct: He said, “I am reading a new English novel now.”

Indirect: He told me (that) he was reading a new novel than.

ü Present perfect

Direct: She said, “I have finished typing all the reports.”

Indirect: She said (that) she had finished typing all the reports.

ü Present perfect continuous

Direct: He said, “I have been typing this report for two hours.”

Indirect: He said (that)  he had been typing that report for two hours.

ü Simple past

Direct : Erhyn said, “I received some letters from my friend.”

Indirect: Erhyn said (that) she had received some letters from her friends.

ü Past perfect

Direct: Dery said, “I had done my weekly report.”

Indirect: Dery said (that) he had done his weekly report.

ü Simple future

Direct: Indah said, “I will invite some of my friends to dinner.”

Indirect: Indah said (that) she would invite some of his friends to dinner.

Catatan :

Tidak selamanya reported speech harus mengalami suatu perubahan tenses sesuai dengan ketentuan di atas. Jika kita mengatakan sesuatu dan kita merasa bahwa hal itu masih merupakan suatu kenyataan, suatu fakta atau suatu kebenaran umum, meskipun reported dalam simple past (misalnya: said,told,asked) reported speech dlm indirect tidak mengalami perubahan tenses.

Direct         : Our teacher said “the moon shines during the night.”

Indirect      : Our teacher said that the moon shines during the night.

Catatan :

Sesuai dalam ketentuan indirect speech, shines seharusnya berubah menjadi shone. Karena pernytaan di atas merupakan suatu fakta,shines tetap dalam bentuk present tense atau tensenya tidak mengalami perubahan bentuk.