PART 1
ADVERBIAL CLAUSES
An adverbial clauses is a dependent clause used as an adverb; it therefore can modify a verb, an adjective, a verbal, another adverb, or a sentence.
John went home early
John went home as soon as he could
Subordinating words in adverbial clause
A subordinate conjunction introduces the adverbial clause and connects it with a word in the main clause. The following are frequently used subordinate conjunctions :
After even if since until
Although even though so that whatever
As for fear that so… that when
As if if such…that/…such that whenever
As/so long as in order that supposing(that) where
As soon as no matter if than wherever
Because on condition that though whether
Before provided (that) unless while
Example of adverbial clauses arranged according to the meaning of the subordinate conjunction :
1. Clause of Time: Clause yang menunjukkan waktu. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti;
When, whenever, while, since, after, before, until, as.
•Abraham Lincoln maintained great interest in legal studies when he was president.
•He read law books whenever he had the chance.
•He even read while as he conducted cabinet meetings.
•He had wanted to be a lawyer since he was a young boy.
•He worked as a lawyer after he finished his education.
•He was a member of the legislature of his state before he became president.
•He maintained his interest in law until he was assassinated.
•He will batter appreciate Lincoln the lawyer when we study his legal opinions.
2. Clause of Place: Clause yang menunjukkan tempat. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction seperti;
where, wherever
•I have always lived where I was born.
•We will meet wherever the committee decides.
3. Clause of Manner: Clause yang menunjukkan cars bagaimana suatu pekerjaan dilakukan atau peristiwa terjadi. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti;
as, as if
•I will do as I have been instructed.
•He acted as if he owned the place.
4. Clause of Comparison:
as, than
•I don’t swim as well as he does.
•However, I swim better than she does.
5. Clause of Reason, Cause, Porpose; Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan sebab dan akibat,seperti;
as, because, so that, in order that, for fear that, since
•As/Since you have already studied that chapter, it will not be necessary to read it again.
•It will not be necessary to study that chapter because you have already read it.
•The instructions are to read that chapter so that we will be prepared to take the examination.
•The instructions were to read that chapter so that we would be prepared to take the examination.
•I will study the chapter so that I can pass the examination.
•I studied the chapter so that I could pass the examination.
•I read the chapter in order that I might be prepared to take the examination.
•I read that chapter several timea for fear that I might not be prepared for the examination.
6. Clause of Result: Clause yang menunjukkan hubungan maksud/tujuan dan hasil. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan kata penghubung seperti;
so … that, such … that/ … such that
•The book was so interesting that I read it in on evening.
•It was such an interesting book that I read it in one evening.
•His skill was such that he solved the problem very rapidly.
7. Clause of Condition: Clause yang menunjukkan adanya persyaratan antara dua kejadian (peristiwa) yang berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunctions seperti;
if, whether, unless, provided(that), on condition that, as/so long as, supposing(that)
•He will sign the contract if it is satisfactory.
(perhaps it will be satisfactory)
•He would sign the contract if it were satisfactory.
(it is not satisfactory)
•He would have signed the contract if it had been satisfactory.
(it was not satisfactory)
•He will sign the contract whether it is satisfactory or not.
•He will not sign the contract unless it is satisfactory.
•He will consider it, provided that all his condition that he be allowed to consult his wife.
•H e will sign the contract as long as his wife has no objections.
•Supposing he signs the contract, will it take effect immediately?
8. Clause of Contrast, Concession: Clause yang menunjukkan adanya pertentangan antara dua kejadian atau peristiwa yang saling berhubungan. Biasanya dibuat dengan menggunakan conjunction (kata penghubung) seperti;
although, though, even though, no matter if, while, even if, wherever, whenever, whatever, as much as, whereas.
•Although I had a slight handicap, I was an a ambitious student.
•My grades were always excellent, even though I was often absent.
•I wanted to excel in everything, no matter if it cost me extra effort.
•While I made many friends in the class, I had to learn on my own.
•I always passed all the tests, even if I needed more time than the others.
•Wherever I sat in class, my teachers always made sure I could hear.
•Whenever I spoke, they always listened patiently
•Whatever I may achieve, my fellow students and teachers deserve a lot of credit.
•As much as I needed special attention, people were always helpful.
•Whereas a handicap can be an obstacle, to me it was a reason for trting harder.
