Tugas Bahasa Inggris (Softskill)

REFERENSI BUKU

Ø Dhanny R.Cyssco, Comprehensive English Grammar Preparation For Toefl, Jakarta-Indonesia, Kesaint Blanc, 2009.

Ø Michael A. Pyle, M.A, & Mary Ellen Munoz Page, M.A, TOEFL Preparation Guide, Wiley-Dreamtech India Pvt. Ltd.

Ø George E. Wishon & Julia M. Burks, Let’s Write English, American Book Company.

Ø Betty Schrampfer Azar, Understanding And Using English Grammar, Second Edition, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1989.

Ø Drs. John S. Hartanto, Drs. S. Koentjoro, & Drs. Manaf Asmoro Seputro, Accurate, Brife and Clear English Grammar, Surabaya, Makih, 2009.

PART  4

ACTIVE AND PASSIVE VOICE

Passive voice (kalimta pasif) adalh lawan dari active voice (kalimat aktif). Pada kalimat aktif lebih menekan pada pelaku dan akibat dari perbuatan pelaku, kalimat pasif lebih menekan pada kejadian atau peritiwa.

Untuk mengubah sebuah kalimat aktif ke dalam kalimat pasif, kalimat yang akan di ubah bisasnya mempunyai kata kerja transitif (transitive verb) atau kalau kita ingin menggunakan kalimat pasif, kata kerjanya harus transitif.

1.   Stuktur kalimat aktif pada Simple Present Tense.

Subject + verb(1) + object

ACTIVE:

Ø  Gilang always help his father in the garden

Ø  Gilang doesn’t always help his father in the garden.

Ø  Does gilang always help his father in the garden?

Stuktur kalimat pasif pada Simple Present Tense.

Subject + am/is/are + verb(3) + object

PASSIVE:

ü  His father is always helped 9by gilang) in the garden.

ü  His father is not always helped (by gilang) in the garden.

ü  Is his father always helped (by gilang) in the garden?

2.   Stuktur kalimat aktif pada Present Continous Tense.

Subject + is/am/are + verb-ing + object

ACTIVE:

Ø  His brother is preparing the car in the garage.

Ø  His brother is not preparing the car in the garage.

Ø  Is his brother repairing the car in the garage?

Stuktur kalimat pasif pada Presnt Continous Tense.

Subject + am/is/are + being + verb(3) + object

PASSIVE:

ü  The car is being repaired by (my brother) in the garage.

ü  The car is not being repaired by (my brother) in the garage.

ü  Is the car being repaired by (my brother) in the garage?

3.   Stuktur kalimat aktif dalam Present Prefect Tense.

Subject + have/has + verb(3) + object

ACTIVE:

Ø  All the books have been returned by my sister to the library.

Ø  My sister has not returned all the books to the library.

Ø  Has my sister returned all the books to the library?

Stuktur kalimat pasif pada Present Perfect Tense.

Subject + have/has + been + verb(3) + object

PASSIVE:

ü  All the books have been returned (by my sister) to the library.

ü  All te books have not been returned (by my sister) to the library.

ü  Have all the books been returned (by my sister) to the library?

4.   Stuktur kalimat aktif dalam Present Perfect Continuous Tense.

Subject + have/has + been + verb-ing + object

ACTIVE:

Ø  Dhea has been doing her homework since this morning.

Ø  Dhea has not been doing her homework since this morning.

Ø  Has dhea been doing her homework since this morning?

Stuktur kalimat pasif pada present Perfect Continuous Tense.

Subject + have/has + been + being + verb(3) + object

PASSIVE:

ü  Her homework has been being done (by dhea) since this morning.

ü  Her homework has not been being done (by dhea) since this morning.

ü  Has her homework been being done (by dhea) since this morning?

5.   Stuktur kalimat aktif dalam Simple Past Tense.

Subject + verb(2) + object

ACTIVE:

Ø  Ledhia bought this English Dictionary three weeks ago.

Ø  Ledhia didn’t buy this English dictionary three weeks ago.

Ø  Did ledhia buy this English dictionary three weeks ago?

Stuktur kalimat pasif pada Simple past Tense.

Subject + was/were + verb(3) + object

PASSIVE:

ü  This English dictionary was bought (by ledhia) last week.

ü  This English dictionary was not bought (by ledhia) last week.

ü  Was this English dictionary bought (by ledhia) last week?

6.   Stuktur kalimat aktif dalam Past Countinuous Tense.

Subject + was/were + being verb(3) + object

ACTIVE:

Ø  My secretary was typing the letter at 10 o’clock  this morning.

Ø  My secretary was not typing the letter at 10 o’clock this morning.

Ø  Was my secretary typing the letter at 10 o’clock this morning?

Stuktur kalimat pasif pada Past Continuous Tense.

Subject + was/were + being verb(3) + object

PASSIVE:

ü  The letter was being typed (by my secretary) at 10 o’clock this morning.

ü  The letter was not being typed (by my secretary) at 10 o’clock this morning.

ü  Was the letter being typed (by my secretary) at 10 o’clock this morning?

Tugas Bahasa Inggris (Softskill)

PART 3

REPORTED SPEECH (DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH)

A.  Direct Speech (kalimat langsung)

Di gunakan untuk menyampaikan kata-kata atau ucapan seseorang dalam bentuk tulisan, baik berupa pernyataan, pertanyaan, perintah, atau seruan dengan cara menempatkannya dalam tanda baca kutip.

B.   Indirect Speech (kalimat tidak langsung)

Di gunakan dalam percakapan untuk menyampaikan apa yang kita dengar atau yang di katakana seseorang kepada orang lain atau pihak ke tiga dengan tidak mengulangi persis apa yang di katakannya.

Catatan :

Ø Untuk mengubah kalimat langsung (direct speech) ke dalam kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech) yang perlu di perhatikan adalah reporting verb-nya.

Ø Reporting verb yang sering di gunakan adalah: say, tell, ask atau inform. Jika reporting verb-nya dalam simple present tense, maka reported speech(kalimat yang terdapat dalam tanda kutip) tidak mengalami perubahan tenses.

Ø Yang mengalami perubahan antara lain kata ganti (pronoun). Dalam contoh nomor 1 dan 2, my berubah jadi her, dan dalam contog nomor 3, I berubah jadi she.

Ø Tahat dalam kalimat tidak langsung bersifat optional, jadi boleh digunakan boleh tidak.

Perubahan pronoun dari kalimat langsung (direct speech) ke dalam kalimat tidak langsung (indirect speech) adalah sbb:

Direct	Indirect
I	She, He
You	I, We
My	Her, His
We	They
Our	Their
They	They
Their	Their

Selain perubahan-perubahan pronoun di atas, keterangan waktu juga akan mengalami perubahan sbb:

Direct	Indirect
Today	That day
Yesterday	The day before
Tomorrow	The next day
Next week	The following week
Last week	The previsous week
Now	then

Example to statement:

ü Simple Present

Direct: Janet said, “I buy this dictionary at a bookshop.”

Indirect: Janet told me(that) she bought this/that dictionary at abookshop.

ü Present continuous

Direct: He said, “I am reading a new English novel now.”

Indirect: He told me (that) he was reading a new novel than.

ü Present perfect

Direct: She said, “I have finished typing all the reports.”

Indirect: She said (that) she had finished typing all the reports.

ü Present perfect continuous

Direct: He said, “I have been typing this report for two hours.”

Indirect: He said (that)  he had been typing that report for two hours.

ü Simple past

Direct : Erhyn said, “I received some letters from my friend.”

Indirect: Erhyn said (that) she had received some letters from her friends.

ü Past perfect

Direct: Dery said, “I had done my weekly report.”

Indirect: Dery said (that) he had done his weekly report.

ü Simple future

Direct: Indah said, “I will invite some of my friends to dinner.”

Indirect: Indah said (that) she would invite some of his friends to dinner.

Catatan :

Tidak selamanya reported speech harus mengalami suatu perubahan tenses sesuai dengan ketentuan di atas. Jika kita mengatakan sesuatu dan kita merasa bahwa hal itu masih merupakan suatu kenyataan, suatu fakta atau suatu kebenaran umum, meskipun reported dalam simple past (misalnya: said,told,asked) reported speech dlm indirect tidak mengalami perubahan tenses.

Direct         : Our teacher said “the moon shines during the night.”

Indirect      : Our teacher said that the moon shines during the night.

Catatan :

Sesuai dalam ketentuan indirect speech, shines seharusnya berubah menjadi shone. Karena pernytaan di atas merupakan suatu fakta,shines tetap dalam bentuk present tense atau tensenya tidak mengalami perubahan bentuk.